bureaucracy是什么意思_bureaucracy怎么读_中英文释义(含例句用法)

bureaucracy (n.): 1818, from French bureaucratie, coined by French economist Jean Claude Marie Vincent de Gournay (1712-1759) on model of democratie, aristocratie, from bureau "office," literally "desk" (see bureau) + Greek suffix -kratia denoting "power of" (see -cracy).
That vast net-work of administrative tyranny ... that system of bureaucracy, which leaves no free agent in all France, except for the man at Paris who pulls the wires. [J.S. Mill, "Westminster Review" XXVIII, 1837]

bureaucrat, &c. The formation is so barbarous that all attempt at self-respect in pronunciation may perhaps as well be abandoned. [Fowler]

词态变化

复数 bureaucracies;

1. People usually complain about having to deal with too much bureaucracy.: 人们经常抱怨不得不应付太多的繁文缛节。

2. His firm must contend with the unwieldy Russian bureaucracy.: 他的公司必须与俄罗斯庞大的官僚机构周旋。

3. They"re making efforts to streamline their normally cumbersome bureaucracy.: 他们正努力精简本来繁冗复杂的官僚体制。

government 政府

administration 实施

civil service 行政部门

officialdom 公务员

organization 机构

establishment 确立

red tape 官样文章

rules and regulations 规章制度

paperwork 文书工作

bureaucratism 官僚主义

education bureaucracy 教育体制

stagnant bureaucracy 停滞的官僚作风

theories of bureaucracy 行政组织理论

managerial bureaucracy 【经】经营管理的机僚主义

bureaucracy rigid procedures 刻板的官僚主义程序

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