hazard是什么意思_hazard怎么读_中英文释义(含例句用法)

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another;"bad luck caused his downfall"
"we ran into each other by pure chance"

an obstacle on a golf course

Verb:

put forward, of a guess, in spite of possible refutation;"I am guessing that the price of real estate will rise again"
"I cannot pretend to say that you are wrong"

put at risk;"I will stake my good reputation for this"

take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome;"When you buy these stocks you are gambling"

中英词源

hazard 危险，危害

来自古法语hasard,来自西班牙语azar,骰子，掷骰子赌博，来自阿拉伯语zahr,骰子，拼写受后缀-ard影响俗化。由赌博引申词义危险，危害。参照dicey.

hazard: hazard: [13] The word hazard was introduced to English as the name for a game played with dice. It was borrowed from Old French hasard, which came via Spanish azar from Arabic azzahr, earlier al-zahr ‘luck, chance’. Its associations were thus from the first with ‘uncertainty’, and its central modern sense ‘danger’ did not develop until the 16th century.
hazard (n.): c. 1300, name of a game at dice, from Old French hasard, hasart "game of chance played with dice," also "a throw of six in dice" (12c.), of uncertain origin. Possibly from Spanish azar "an unfortunate card or throw at dice," which is said to be from Arabic az-zahr (for al-zahr) "the die." But this is doubtful because of the absence of zahr in classical Arabic dictionaries. Klein suggests Arabic yasara "he played at dice;" Arabic -s- regularly becomes Spanish -z-. The -d was added in French through confusion with the native suffix -ard. Sense evolved in French to "chances in gambling," then "chances in life." In English, sense of "chance of loss or harm, risk" first recorded 1540s.
hazard (v.): "put something at stake in a game of chance," 1520s, from Middle French hasarder "to play at gambling, throw dice" (15c.), from hasard (see hazard (n.)). Related: Hazarded; hazarding.

词态变化

复数 hazards;
第三人称单数 hazards;
过去式 hazarded;
过去分词 hazarded;
现在分词 hazarding;

权威造句

1. Catching colds is unfortunately an occupational hazard in this profession.: 不幸的是，容易感冒是这个行业的职业性风险。

2. Well, we can hazard a guess at the answer.: 噢，我们可以猜一猜答案。

3. Poverty leads to slums, which are an eyesore and a health hazard.: 贫困产生了贫民窟，那里不仅有碍观瞻，而且卫生隐患严重。

4. He climbed into the car at the hazard of his life.: 他冒着生命危险进了汽车.

5. I think we have provided for every possible hazard.: 我认为我们已经准备好了应付每一种可能的危险.

近反义词

endanger

imperil

risk

adventure

danger

相似短语

at the hazard of 冒着…的危险,拼命…

on the hazard 处境危险,岌岌可危

hazard to 对…的危害

in hazard 处境危险,受到威胁

at hazard adv.在危急中,随便地

by hazard 偶然地;胡乱地,随便地

at all hazard 冒着一切危险,不管怎样

allied hazard 同类危险

electrical hazard 电气事故

hazard assessment 危害评价

单词分析

这些名词均含有“危险、威胁”之意。
danger含义广，普通用词，指能够造成伤害、损害或不利的任何情况。
risk指有可能发生的危险，尤指主动进行某种活动或去碰运气而冒的危险。
hazard比risk正式，多指偶然发生的或无法控制的危险，常含较严重或有一定风险的意味。
menace所指的危险性最严重，表示使用暴力或造成破坏性的可能。
peril指迫在眉睫很有可能发生的严重危险。
threat普通用词，语气弱于menace，指任何公开侵犯对方的言行，给对方构成危险或威胁。这些动词均含有“敢于冒险”之意。
venture指冒风险试一试，或指有礼貌的反抗或反对。
chance指碰运气、冒风险试试。
dare可与venture换用，但语气较强，着重挑战或违抗。
hazard主要指冒险作出某个选择，隐含碰运气意味。
risk指不顾个人安危去干某事，侧重主动承担风险。

记忆方法

1. 谐音“害人(儿)的”------危害人的。
2. hap => haz- "chance, luck" + -ard => hazard.
3. "chances in gambling," then "chances in life" => "chance of loss or harm, risk".

hazard是什么意思，hazard怎么读

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