rough是什么意思_rough怎么读_中英文释义(含例句用法)

rough基本信息

英英释义

rough基本信息

读法：英 [rʌf] 美 [rʌf]

释义：

adj. 粗糙的；粗略的；粗野的；艰苦的；未经加工的

vt. 使粗糙；粗暴对待；草拟

n. 艰苦；高低不平的地面；未经加工的材料；粗糙的部分

vi. 举止粗野

adv. 粗糙地；粗略地；粗暴地

n. (Rough)人名；(英)拉夫

使用频率：★★★

星级词汇：★★★★

英英释义

Noun:

the part of a golf course bordering the fairway where the grass is not cut short

Adjective:

having or caused by an irregular surface;"trees with rough bark"
"rough ground"
"rough skin"
"rough blankets"
"his unsmooth face"

(of persons or behavior) lacking refinement or finesse;"she was a diamond in the rough"
"rough manners"

not quite exact or correct;"the approximate time was 10 o"clock"
"a rough guess"
"a ballpark estimate"

full of hardship or trials;"the rocky road to success"
"they were having a rough time"

violently agitated and turbulent;"boisterous winds and waves"
"the fierce thunders roar me their music"
"rough weather"
"rough seas"

unpleasantly harsh or grating in sound;"a gravelly voice"

ready and able to resort to force or violence;"pugnacious spirits...lamented that there was so little prospect of an exhilarating disturbance"
"they were rough and determined fighting men"

of the margin of a leaf shape; having the edge cut or fringed or scalloped

causing or characterized by jolts and irregular movements;"a rough ride"

not shaped by cutting or trimming;"an uncut diamond"
"rough gemstones"

not carefully or expertly made;"managed to make a crude splint"
"a crude cabin of logs with bark still on them"
"rough carpentry"

not perfected;"a rough draft"
"a few rough sketches"

unpleasantly stern;"wild and harsh country full of hot sand and cactus"
"the nomad life is rough and hazardous"

unkind or cruel or uncivil;"had harsh words"
"a harsh and unlovable old tyrant"
"a rough answer"

Adverb:

with roughness or violence (`rough" is an informal variant for `roughly");"he was pushed roughly aside"
"they treated him rough"

with rough motion as over a rough surface;"ride rough"

Verb:

prepare in preliminary or sketchy form

中英词源

rough 粗糙的，粗鲁的，粗野的

来自古英语 ruh,粗糙的，粗布的，多毛的，来自 Proto-Germanic*rukhaz,碎裂的，来自 PIE*reue, 粉碎，碎开，敲击，词源同 ruin,rag.引申诸相关词义。

rough: rough: [OE] Rough goes back to a prehistoric West Germanic *rūkhwaz, which also produced German rauh and Dutch ruw. Despite the similarity of form and sense, ruffian is not related, and there is no evidence that ruffle is either.
rough (n.): c. 1200, "broken ground," from rough (adj.). Meaning "a rowdy" is first attested 1837. Specific sense in golf is from 1901. Phrase in the rough "in an unfinished or unprocessed condition" (of timber, etc.) is from 1819.
rough (adj.): Old English ruh "rough, coarse (of cloth); hairy, shaggy; untrimmed, uncultivated," from West Germanic *rukhwaz "shaggy, hairy, rough" (cognates: Middle Dutch ruuch, Dutch ruig, Old High German ruher, German rauh), from Proto-Germanic *rukhaz, from PIE *reue- (2) "to smash, knock down, tear out, dig up" (cognates: Sanskrit ruksah "rough;" Latin ruga "wrinkle," ruere "to rush, fall violently, collapse," ruina "a collapse;" Lithuanian raukas "wrinkle," rukti "to shrink").

The original -gh- sound was guttural, as in Scottish loch. Sense of "approximate" is first recorded c. 1600. Of places, "riotous, disorderly, characterized by violent action," 1863. Rough draft is from 1690s. Rough-and-ready is from 1810, originally military; rough-and-tumble (1810) is from a style of free-fighting.
rough (v.): late 15c., from rough (adj.). Related: Roughed; roughing. Phrase rough it "submit to hardships" (1768) is originally nautical:
To lie rough; to lie all night in one"s clothes: called also roughing it. Likewise to sleep on the bare deck of a ship, when the person is commonly advised to chuse the softest plank. [Grose, "Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue," 1788]
To rough out "shape or plan approximately" is from 1770. To rough up "make rough" is from 1763. To rough (someone) up "beat up, jostle violently" is from 1868. The U.S. football penalty roughing was originally a term from boxing (1866).

词态变化

比较级 rougher;
最高级 roughest;
名词 roughness;

权威造句

1. The company I work for went through a rough patch.: 我所在的公司经历了一段困难时期。

2. She passed the needle through the rough cloth, back and forth.: 她一针一针地缝那块粗布。

3. A fishing vessel and a cargo ship collided in rough seas.: 一艘捕鱼船和一艘货船在波涛汹涌的海上相撞了。

4. All women have a rough time in our society.: 在我们的社会中，所有女性的日子都不好过。

5. His hands were rough and calloused, from years of karate practice.: 由于多年练习空手道，他的双手粗糙不平，布满老茧。

近反义词

adj.

coarse

rigorous

irregular

violent

uneven

unsmooth

calm

upset

相似短语

rough it 过艰苦的生活,艰苦朴素

in the rough adv.未完成,未加工,大致上

rough in 草拟,画出…的草图

in rough 大体上,大致上;大概,约莫

rough on 对...是不幸的It"s a bit rough on him, losing his toe.他的脚趾断了,真有点不幸。

be rough 粗暴行为

be rough on vt.对人粗暴苛刻,使人吃苦头

rough edge 粗糙的边缘,咄咄逼人的锐气

rough out 草拟,粗制,画…的草图

rough hands 粗鲁的工人

单词分析

这些形容词均有“嘶哑的，沙哑的”之意。
hoarse指嘶哑刺耳的声音，通常因高声喊叫后嗓子失音所致。
harsh一般多指刺耳难听的声音。
rough指粗哑难听的声音。

记忆方法

暂无,等待补充.

rough是什么意思，rough怎么读

rough基本信息

英英释义

中英词源

词态变化

权威造句

近反义词

相似短语

单词分析

记忆方法