shift是什么意思_shift怎么读_中英文释义(含例句用法)

(geology) a crack in the earth"s crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other;"they built it right over a geological fault"
"he studied the faulting of the earth"s crust"

a crew of workers who work for a specific period of time

the key on the typewriter keyboard that shifts from lower-case letters to upper-case letters

a woman"s sleeveless undergarment

a loose-fitting dress hanging straight from the shoulders without a waist

Verb:

make a shift in or exchange of;"First Joe led; then we switched"

change place or direction;"Shift one"s position"

move around;"transfer the packet from his trouser pockets to a pocket in his jacket"

move very slightly;"He shifted in his seat"

move from one setting or context to another;"shift the emphasis"
"shift one"s attention"

change in quality;"His tone shifted"

move and exchange for another;"shift the date for our class reunion"

move sideways or in an unsteady way;"The ship careened out of control"

move abruptly;"The ship suddenly lurched to the left"

use a shift key on a keyboard;"She could not shift so all her letters are written in lower case"

change phonetically as part of a systematic historical change;"Grimm showed how the consonants shifted"

change gears;"you have to shift when you go down a steep hill"

lay aside, abandon, or leave for another;"switch to a different brand of beer"
"She switched psychiatrists"
"The car changed lanes"

中英词源

shift 转移，转换

来自古英语 sciftan,分开，隔开，安排，布置，来自 Proto-Germanic*skiftan,分开，来自 PIE*skei, 分开，词源同 shed,sheath,science.引申词义安排，转移，转换。

shift: shift: [OE] Old English sciftan meant ‘arrange’ (it came from a prehistoric Germanic base *skip-, which also produced German schichten ‘arrange in layers, pile up’, and traces of its original meaning survive in make-shift [16], denoting something arranged or contrived for lack of anything better). Its modern meaning ‘move’ emerged in the 14th century, via an intermediate ‘change’. The notion of ‘change’ underlies the use of the noun shift for ‘woman’s slip’, which evolved from an earlier ‘change of clothing’, and also its use for a ‘particular working period’, marked by a ‘change’ of workers at beginning and end.
shift (v.): Old English sciftan, scyftan "arrange, place, order," also "divide, partition; distribute, allot, share," from Proto-Germanic *skiftan (cognates: Old Norse skipta "to divide, change, separate," Old Frisian skifta "to decide, determine, test," Dutch schiften "to divide, turn," German schichten "to classify," Schicht "shift"). This is said to be related to the source of Old English sceadan "divide, separate," (see shed (v.)).

c. 1200 as "to dispose; make ready; set in order, control," also intransitive, "take care of oneself." From c. 1300 as "to go, move, depart; move (someone or something), transport." Sense of "to alter, to change" appeared mid-13c. (compare shiftless). Meaning "change the gear setting of an engine" is from 1910; to shift gears in the figurative sense is from 1961. Related: Shifted; shifting.
shift (n.1): c. 1300, "a movement, a beginning," from shift (v.). This is the word in to make shift "make efforts" (mid-15c.). Sense of "change, alteration" is from 1560s. Sense of "means to an end" is from 1520s; hence "an expedient." Meaning "mechanism for changing gear in a motor vehicle" is recorded from 1914. Typewriter shift key is from 1893; shift-lock is from 1899.

Meaning "period of working time" (originally in a mine) is attested from 1809, with older sense "relay of horses" (1708); perhaps with sense influenced by a North Sea Germanic cognate word (such as North Frisian skeft "division, stratum," skaft "one of successive parties of workmen"). Similar double senses of "division" and "relay of workers" exist in Swedish skift, German schicht.
shift (n.2): "body garment, underclothing," 1590s, originally used alike of men"s and women"s pieces, probably from shift (n.1), which was commonly used in reference to a change of clothes. In 17c., it began to be used as a euphemism for smock, and was itself displaced, for similar reasons of delicacy, in 19c. by chemise.

词态变化

复数 shifts;
第三人称单数 shifts;
过去式 shifted;
过去分词 shifted;
现在分词 shifting;

权威造句

1. The result reflects a modest rightward shift in opinion.: 结果显示舆论出现一定程度的右倾。

2. The night shift should have been safely down the mine long ago.: 上夜班的矿工应该早就安全地到达井下了。

3. Their success does not necessarily reflect a leftward shift in politics.: 他们的成功并不一定表示政治气候转向亲左。

4. Tory-bashing or Labour-bashing will not be enough to shift bored, suspicious voters.: 抨击保守党或工党并不足以改变那些心生厌倦、心存怀疑的选民的态度。

5. The timbers groan and creak and the floorboards shift.: 这些木头在吱吱嘎嘎作响，木地板有些摇晃。

近反义词

change

move

transfer

switch

alternation

change

tour of duty

相似短语

shift to 转向

in shift 轮流SI(shift in)启用切换work in shift能够接受轮岗制的工作时间

shift gears v. 变速,改变方式

adiabatic shift 绝热移位，绝热移位

Compton shift 康普顿移动

Doppler shift 多普勒频移

down shift 降速变换

gravitational shift 引力偏移

lobster shift n.后半夜班(自午夜至早晨之班)

logic shift 逻辑移位

单词分析

这些动词均可表示“从一处移往另一处”之意。
move普通用词，指从一处到另一外的任何距离的转移。
shift侧重位置与方向的改变。
transfer一般表示转送或移交迁移，尤指交通运输中的换乘或职务的调动等。
remove作“移动”解时，与move可换用，还可指撤职或开除学藉等。

记忆方法

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shift是什么意思，shift怎么读

shift基本信息

英英释义