Which of the following according to the passage contribute（s) to alcoholism？ Ⅰ. the need
Which of the following, according to the passage, contribute(s) to alcoholism？ Ⅰ. the need to reduce tensions and anxieties Ⅱ. the anxieties resulting from guilt feelings about previous drinking bouts Ⅲ. punishment for alcoholic behavior
A．Ⅰ only
B．Ⅰ and Ⅱ only
C．Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ
D．Ⅱ and Ⅲ only
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参考答案。这可从文中的“Some experimental evidence tends to show that alcohol reduces fear in an approach-avoidance situation. ”推知，Ⅰ正确。从文中的“In fact, the anxieties and feelings of guilt induced by the consequences of excessive alcohol ingestion may themselves become the signal for another bout of alcohol abuse. ”推知，Ⅱ正确。从文中的“While punishment may serve to suppress a response, experiments have shown that in some cases it can serve as a reward and reinforce the behavior. ”推知，Ⅲ正确。