智慧树知到《Introduction to Psychology》章节测试答案

智慧树知到《Introduction to Psychology》章节测试答案

第1章 单元测试
1、According to Freud, psychological problems arise from conflict between the __ and the __.
答案：Super-ego; Id
2、According to Freud, what is the part of our psyche that is instinctually driven by our basic needs, wants and desires?
答案：Id
3、According to Freud, what is the part of the psyche that attempts to balance immediate gratification and societal norms?
答案：Ego
4、What is the best way to describe Freuds approach to psychology?
答案：Medical
5、According to Freud, what is the part of our psyche that is most interested in maintaining societal norms and decency?
答案：Super-ego
6、The idea that human behavior is governed by a physical component and a non physical (i.e., spiritual) component is referred to as __. 答案：dualism
7、What does Luigi Galvani’s research with applied electrical currents suggest?
答案：For completeness, wholeness, and roundness.
8、Who is credited with the development of Cartesian Dualism?
答案：Rene Descartes
9、What philosophical view of human behavior is best supported by the work of Paul Broca?
答案：Materialism
10、According to materialism, what is the cause of human behaviour?
答案：Physical mechanisms
11、Determining whether something is true or false by observing it through experimentation is called . 答案：该问题答案暂未收录，请手动搜索。
12、What was William James main contribution to the field of Psychology?
答案：Generating and publishing ideas about psychological topics
13、Who is recognized as being the first psychologist?
答案：Wilhelm Wundt
14、Introspection is a technique wherein a person reflects upon and reports their personal experience. Early scientists criticized this technique because it was ___. 答案：Indirect and subjective
第2章 单元测试
1、What is the branch of psychology called where researchers study how groups work together and people interact with each other?
答案：Social Psychology
2、Which part of the scientific process is observational research best suited for?
答案：Generating questions
3、If the amount of time a student spent studying was positively correlated with grades achieved, what would we expect to see if someone had low grades?

答案：The student did not spend a lot of time studying.
4、A positive correlation between two variables means that as ___.
答案：第一年年初
5、A scatter plot that shows a trend line that travels down to the right would demonstrate what type of correlation?
答案：negative correlation
6、What does SR stand for in behavioral psychology?
答案：Stimulus Response
7、What did the Little Albert Experiment tell us about the relation between stimuli and responses?
答案：Responses to stimuli can be conditioned
8、Why does cognitive psychology consider the computer to be good analogy of the human brain?
答案：It processes input and generates output.
9、What practice makes psychology a science rather than just a collection of ideas and arguments?
答案：Experimentation
第3章 单元测试
1、A t-test is a ratio of _ to _. 答案：错
2、A t-test is an example of __ statistics.
答案：between-group differences; within-group differences
3、The upper curves of the brain are called , while the deep grooves are called __. 答案：该问题答案暂未收录，请手动搜索。
4、What is the order of neuron structures from receiving information, processing information and sending information?
答案：synaptic cleft, cell body, dendrites
5、Why does the surface of the brain contain folds?
答案：They allow for more brain tissue to fit in the skull
6、Constricting pupils, stimulated digestive and salivation activity and constricting lungs are due to the activation of the _ system.
答案：parasympathetic
7、The peripheral nervous system links the brain to the _.
答案：body
8、Why is the brainstem considered to be a reptilian system?
答案：It is a primitive brain structure
9、Damage to which structure of the brain would result in deficits in motor learning and the production of uncoordinated movements?
答案：Cerebellum
第4章 单元测试
1、What impairment would you expect to see in an inpidual with damage to their primary visual cortex?
答案：Black spots in their field of vision
2、What is the process called in which the brain organizes and interprets visual information?
答案：Perception
3、Seeing a small, red, shiny object is known as __, whereas knowing this object is an apple is known as _.

答案：sensation; perception
4、An inpidual who is unable to understand speech would most likely have damage to which area in the temporal lobe?
答案：Wernickes
5、What is the primary role of the temporal lobe?
答案：Auditory processing
6、What is the term that refers to knowledge of where a persons body parts are located in space?
答案：Proprioception
7、Why is more cortical tissue in the somatosensory cortex devoted to the lips than to the elbows?
答案：Lips require more sensory input
8、What is the term used to describe the inability to switch strategies following damage to the frontal lobes?
答案：Perseveration errors
9、What is the primary role of the frontal lobes?
答案：Complex cognitive functions
第5章 单元测试
1、Severing what brain structure results in split brain syndrome?
答案：Corpus callosum
2、Cones are more common at the __ of the eye whereas rods are more common in the __.
答案：C
3、Understanding how visual elements group together was a major focus of those studying __ psychology.
答案：gestalt
4、When we look at some visual scene, what we tend to consciously see _. 答案：6A
5、What is the raw input of information or signals from the environment called?
答案：Sensation
6、What cells in the eye are responsible for edge detection?
答案：Bipolar
7、What photoreceptors of the eyes react to lots of light or color?
答案：Cones
8、We are able to sense ____.
答案：all of the energy coming at us from the world
第6章 单元测试
1、At what age do children begin to develop a Theory of Mind?
答案：3-5yrs
2、What is the capacity to evaluate ourselves and our actions from the perspective of another person called?
答案：Theory of Mind
3、If genetics is playing a strong role in the production of a behaviour, then we would expect identical twins to have __ concordance on measures of that behaviour.
答案：该问题答案暂未收录，请手动搜索。
4、What is the evolutionary process wherein beneficial traits that promote survival are passed down from parent to child called?
答案：Natural Selection
5、According to behaviourists, the grasping reflex in human babies and the imprinting behaviours in baby ducks are both examples of _ behaviours.

答案：该问题答案暂未收录，请手动搜索。
6、What is the inhibition of inappropriate natural responses to a stimulus after repeated exposures called?
答案：Habituation
7、If, after doing many conditioning trials, a researcher presents the conditioned stimulus but DOES NOT follow it with the unconditioned stimulus, the research is likely examining _. 答案：extinction
8、The grasping, stepping and crawling reflexes all illustrate that some behaviours ___.
答案：do not have to be learned
第7章 单元测试
1、Through observational learning children will often __ the negative behaviours they see around them.
答案：该问题答案暂未收录，请手动搜索。
2、Albert Banduras research on observational learning in children showed that when a child sees another child hit a Bobo doll, he or she was more likely to _ the doll.
答案：该问题答案暂未收录，请手动搜索。
3、What is the component of working memory that is used to solve problems?
答案：Central Executive
4、What memory system is most closely related to our conscious experience of the world?
答案：Working Memory
5、Existing memories can be used as _ cues to help you remember new information.
答案：D. All of the above
6、In terms of memory, what is primary the problem with using eye-witness testimony as evidence in legal cases?
答案：Memories are affected by the way questions are asked
7、When some bit of information is encountered across repeated but different contexts, that information ultimately resides in . 答案：single 、 complex 、 occupied 、 lengths 、 bought 、 child 、 adults 、 access 、 blocks 、 slightly
8、”Memory” should best be thought of as a _. 答案：Plural verb
第8章 单元测试
1、Learning a new skill, such as tying a shoe lace, is an example of what type of memory?
答案：Procedural
2、What is the term for a person who pretends to be a participant in an experiment, but is actually working with the experimenters?
答案：Confederate
3、What did the “Milgram” experiment, in which participants were asked to inflict electrical shocks on other participants, tell us about the influence authority can have on the average person?
答案：Most people will conform to authority even when asked to perform immoral or unethical behaviors

4、A person who claims that a negative personal event is the result of their situation or other people’s behavior is demonstrating a(n) __ locus of control.
答案：lower
5、What hypothesis asserts that good things happens to good people and bad things happen to bad people?
答案：Just World
6、Ash provided several experiments showing that people will agree with others even when they know those others are wrong. This sort of behaviour is called . 答案：conformity
7、One of the negatives of the human tendency to conform is that _. 答案：it can make people not think about the rational basis of certain behaviours
8、Participants in Milgram’s experiments on authority believed they were ___.
答案：How do you do, Ms.Herman? Very glad to see you.
第9章 单元测试
1、On average, a man will perceive women as more attractive when theirs waists are ___ tenths the size of their hips.
答案：seven
2、On average, a person will find another person more attractive if the other person has _ pupils.
答案：larger
3、A major recent conceptual shift between the DSM-IV and the DSM-V is that the diagnosis of mental disorders is now regarded more as a __ and less of a __.
答案：continuum; classification
4、When talking about mental disorders, what is the primary caution that Steve has repeatedly made?
答案：Learning about mental disorders makes you see them everywhere
5、What is multiple personality disorder now called?
答案：Dissociative Identity Disorder
6、A person with a mental disorder that causes them to constantly think that there shoe lace is coming untied, and therefore continually bends down to check their shoe laces likely has what disorder?
答案：Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
7、What has a person experienced if he or she can’t remember anything about their life and, thus, starts an entirely new life – only to have the original memories return several years later?
答案：The EU has banned all imports of animal products from the Netherlands.
8、What class of mental disorders are pregnant women particularly susceptible to?
答案：Emotional
9、What mental disorder is characterized by extreme emotional highs followed by extreme emotional lows?
答案：Bipolar Disorder
第10章 单元测试

1、What type of schizophrenia causes the person to become rigid and unable to move?
答案：Catatonic
2、In schizophrenia, what is the term for the symptoms, such as auditory hallucinations, that cause the addition of non-existent information to a person’s perception of the world?
答案：Positive
3、What is the common term for the most extreme version of a person with anti-social personality disorder?
答案：Psychopathy
4、Freud’s practice of psychoanalysis is an example of what type of therapy?
答案：该问题答案暂未收录，请手动搜索。
5、What type of psychological therapy does not direct the patient, but instead provides help and support to the patient, with the goal of letting the patient help themselves?
答案：Humanistic
6、What type of therapy would most likely be used for a person trying to overcome a fear of heights?
答案：Systematic Desensitization
7、Theory of mind refers to the ability to know what someone else is:
答案：Thinking
8、Client-centered therapy is one example of a(n) _ therapy.

答案：humanist

第一章
1、According to Freud, psychological problems arise from conflict between the __ and the ____.
A:Id; Ego
B:Super-ego; Ego
C:Super-ego; Id
D:Conscious; Subconscious
正确答案：Super-ego; Id
2、According to Freud, what is the part of our psyche that is instinctually driven by our basic needs, wants and desires?
A:Id
B:Super-ego
C:Ego
D:Conscience
正确答案：Id
3、According to Freud, what is the part of the psyche that attempts to balance immediate gratification and societal norms?
A:Super-ego
B:Ego
C:Id
D:Preconscious
正确答案：Ego
4、What is the best way to describe Freuds approach to psychology?
A:Medical
B:Scientific
C:Empirical
D:Epistemological
正确答案：Medical
5、According to Freud, what is the part of our psyche that is most interested in maintaining societal norms and decency?
A:Id
B:Ego
C:Super-ego
D:Personality
正确答案：Super-ego
6、The idea that human behavior is governed by a physical component and a non physical (i.e., spiritual) component is referred to as ____.
A:dualism

B:materialism
C:empiricism
D:rationalism
正确答案：dualism
7、What does Luigi Galvani’s research with applied electrical currents suggest?
A:Human behaviour is a combination of mechanical and spiritual components.
B:Human behaviour is caused by electrochemical processes.
C:The brain is pided into areas for specific tasks.
D:The brain is not pided into areas for specific tasks.
正确答案：Human behaviour is caused by electrochemical processes.
8、Who is credited with the development of Cartesian Dualism?
A:John Locke
B:James Mills
C:Luigi Galvani
D:Rene Descartes
正确答案：Rene Descartes
9、What philosophical view of human behavior is best supported by the work of Paul Broca?
A:Materialism
B:Dualism
C:Empiricism
D:Existentialism
正确答案：Materialism
10、According to materialism, what is the cause of human behaviour?
A:Spiritual induction
B:Physical mechanisms
C:Internal motivations
D:Emotional states
正确答案：Physical mechanisms
11、Determining whether something is true or false by observing it through experimentation is called _.
A:naturalism
B:philosophy
C:inference
D:empiricism
正确答案：empiricism
12、What was William James main contribution to the field of Psychology?
A:Conducting the first laboratory based research experiments
B:Generating and publishing ideas about psychological topics
C:Measuring the speed of neural transmission rate
D:Training observers how to perform introspection
正确答案：Generating and publishing ideas about psychological topics
13、Who is recognized as being the first psychologist?
A:Ernst Weber
B:Sigmund Freud
C:Wilhelm Wundt
D:Hermann Von Helmholtz
正确答案：Wilhelm Wundt
14、Introspection is a technique wherein a person reflects upon and reports their personal experience. Early scientists criticized this technique because it was ____.
A:Indirect and objective
B:Direct and subjective
C:Direct and objective
D:Indirect and subjective
正确答案：Indirect and subjective
第二章
1、What is the branch of psychology called where researchers study how groups work together and people interact with each other?

A:Inpidual Psychology
B:Social Psychology
C:Humanistic Psychology
D:Cross-cultural Psychology
正确答案：Social Psychology
2、Which part of the scientific process is observational research best suited for?
A:Generating answers
B:Generating questions
C:Establishing theories
D:Refuting theories
正确答案：Generating questions
3、If the amount of time a student spent studying was positively correlated with grades achieved, what would we expect to see if someone had low grades?
A:The student did not spend a lot of time studying
B:The student spent a lot of time studying
C:A strong negative correlation
D:There is not enough information to determine correlation
正确答案：The student did not spend a lot of time studying
4、A positive correlation between two variables means that as ___.
A:one variable increases, the other variable increases
B:one variable increases, the other variable decreases
C:one variable decreases, the other variable stays the same
D:one variable decreases, the other variable increases
正确答案：one variable increases, the other variable increases
5、A scatter plot that shows a trend line that travels down to the right would demonstrate what type of correlation?
A:negative correlation
B:positive correlation
C:weak correlation
D:no correlation
正确答案：negative correlation
6、What does SR stand for in behavioral psychology?
A:Stimulus Response
B:Secondary Reaction
C:Selective Response
D:Stimulation Reaction
正确答案：Stimulus Response
7、What did the Little Albert Experiment tell us about the relation between stimuli and responses?
A:Responses to stimuli cannot be conditioned
B:Responses to stimuli can be conditioned
C:Conditioned responses can be eliminated
D:Conditioned responses cannot be eliminated
正确答案：Responses to stimuli can be conditioned
8、Why does cognitive psychology consider the computer to be good analogy of the human brain?
A:It records information as binary code
B:It stores vast quantities of information
C:Its operations cannot be seen
D:It processes input and generates output
正确答案：It processes input and generates output
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9、What practice makes psychology a science rather than just a collection of ideas and arguments?
A:Formal debates
B:Publishing journal articles
C:Experimentation
D:Public funding
正确答案：Experimentation
第三章
1、A t-test is a ratio of ___ to ___.
A:expected values; observed values
B:between-group differences; within-group differences
C:success; failure
D:highest scores; lowest scores
正确答案：
2、A t-test is an example of __ statistics.
A:descriptive
B:inferential
C:scientific
D:conclusive
正确答案：
3、The upper curves of the brain are called __, while the deep grooves are called ____.
A:fissures, gyri
B:gyri, grey matter
C:gyri, fissures
D:white matter, fissures
正确答案：
4、What is the order of neuron structures from receiving information, processing information and sending information?
A:dendrites, cell body, axon
B:axon terminal, cell body, dendrites
C:terminal buttons, dendrites, cell body
D:synaptic cleft, cell body, dendrites
正确答案：
5、Why does the surface of the brain contain folds?
A:They look stylish
B:Pressure from cerebral fluids
C:To match the grooves on the inside of the skull
D:They allow for more brain tissue to fit in the skull
正确答案：
6、Constricting pupils, stimulated digestive and salivation activity and constricting lungs are due to the activation of the _ system.
A:sympathetic
B:parasympathetic
C:central nervous
D:somatic
正确答案：
7、The peripheral nervous system links the brain to the _.
A:spinal cord
B:central nervous system
C:body
D:skeletal system
正确答案：
8、Why is the brainstem considered to be a reptilian system?
A:It is present in all reptiles
B:It is shaped like a snake
C:It is attached to the brain stem
D:It is a primitive brain structure
正确答案：
9、Damage to which structure of the brain would result in deficits in motor learning and the production of uncoordinated movements?
A:Cerebellum
B:Medulla
C:Pons
D:Amygdala
正确答案：
第四章

1、What impairment would you expect to see in an inpidual with damage to their primary visual cortex?
A:Color blindness
B:Black spots in their field of vision
C:Inattentional blindness
D:Problems with depth perception
正确答案：
2、What is the process called in which the brain organizes and interprets visual information?
A:Sensation
B:Proprioception
C:Perception
D:Visual organization
正确答案：
3、Seeing a small, red, shiny object is known as __, whereas knowing this object is an apple is known as _.
A:sensation; perception
B:perception; sensation
C:proprioception; sensation
D:perception; proprioception
正确答案：
4、An inpidual who is unable to understand speech would most likely have damage to which area in the temporal lobe?
A:Brocas
B:Somatosensory cortex
C:Cerebellum
D:Wernickes
正确答案：
5、What is the primary role of the temporal lobe?
A:Auditory processing
B:Visual processing
C:Postural balance
D:Motor functioning
正确答案：
6、What is the term that refers to knowledge of where a persons body parts are located in space?
A:Localization
B:Proprioception
C:Nociception
D:Psorioception
正确答案：
7、Why is more cortical tissue in the somatosensory cortex devoted to the lips than to the elbows?
A:Lips are larger than the elbow
B:We use our lips more than we use our elbows
C:Lips require more sensory input
D:Elbows require more sensory input
正确答案：
8、What is the term used to describe the inability to switch strategies following damage to the frontal lobes?
A:Perseveration errors
B:Disruptive behavioral strategies
C:Noncommittal phobia
D:Obsessive determination
正确答案：
9、What is the primary role of the frontal lobes?
A:Memory storage and retrieval
B:Complex cognitive functions
C:Auditory processing
D:Motor input
正确答案：
第五章
1、Severing what brain structure results in split brain syndrome?
A:Corpus callosum
B:Cerebellum
C:White cortical matter
D:Frontal lobe
正确答案：

2、Cones are more common at the __ of the eye whereas rods are more common in the ____.
A:periphery; fovea
B:focal point; iris
C:fovea; periphery
D:back; front
正确答案：
3、Understanding how visual elements group together was a major focus of those studying __ psychology.
A:psychophysical
B:developmental
C:social
D:gestalt
正确答案：
4、When we look at some visual scene, what we tend to consciously see ___.
A:are patterns of light and dark
B:are lines and shapes at differing orientiations
C:is a collection of objects
D:are patches of colour
正确答案：
5、What is the raw input of information or signals from the environment called?
A:Perception
B:Proprioception
C:Sensation
D:Transduction
正确答案：
6、What cells in the eye are responsible for edge detection?
A:Ganglion
B:Bipolar
C:Edge
D:Fovea
正确答案：
7、What photoreceptors of the eyes react to lots of light or color?
A:Cones
B:Rods
C:Retina
D:Pupil
正确答案：
8、We are able to sense ____.
A:most of the energy coming at us, probably more than 90%
B:all of the energy coming at us from the world
C:energy that is coming from sources other than those in the world around us
正确答案：
第六章
1、At what age do children begin to develop a Theory of Mind?
A:1-2yrs
B:3-5yrs
C:5-7yrs
D:7-9yrs
正确答案：
2、What is the capacity to evaluate ourselves and our actions from the perspective of another person called?
A:External Perspective
B:Introspection
C:Theory of Mind
D:Social Evaluation
正确答案：
3、If genetics is playing a strong role in the production of a behaviour, then we would expect identical twins to have ____ concordance on measures of that behaviour.
A:low
B:high
C:some
D:no
正确答案：
4、What is the evolutionary process wherein beneficial traits that promote survival are passed down from parent to child called?
A:Genetic Selection
B:Artificial Selection
C:Reproductive Selection
D:Natural Selection

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