黏性不可压缩液体在无限长的椭圆截面管道中作恒定流动 设椭圆的长 短轴分别为a和b 试求此管流的流速分布。

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黏性不可压缩液体在无限长的椭圆截面管道中作恒定流动,设椭圆的长、短轴分别为a和b,试求此管流的流速分布。

热搜:梁横截面形心在垂直于轴线方向的线位移

答案解析

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  • 设x轴沿管道轴线,管道截面上的坐标为y和z,椭圆方程为
       y2/a2+z2/b2=1
       不计重力影响,设速度仅有x方向的分量ux,而uy=uz=0,则纳维埃-司托克斯方程为
       latex.action?latex=WC1cZnJhY3sxfXtccmhvIH1cZnJhY3tccGFydGlhbCBwfXtccGFydGlhbCB4fStcZnJhY3tcbXUg%0D%0AfXtccmhvIH1cbGVmdCggXGZyYWN7XHBhcnRpYWxeMiB1X3h9e1xwYXJ0aWFsIHheMn0rXGZyYWN7%0D%0AXHBhcnRpYWxeMiB1X3h9e1xwYXJ0aWFsIHleMn0rXGZyYWN7XHBhcnRpYWxeMiB1X3h9e1xwYXJ0%0D%0AaWFsIHpeMn0gXHJpZ2h0KQ%3D%3D
       latex.action?latex=PVxmcmFje1xwYXJ0aWFsIHVfeH17XHBhcnRpYWwgdH0rdV94XGZyYWN7XHBhcnRpYWwgdV94fXtc%0D%0AcGFydGlhbCB4fSt1X3lcZnJhY3tccGFydGlhbCB1X3h9e1xwYXJ0aWFsIHl9K3VfelxmcmFje1xw%0D%0AYXJ0aWFsIHVfeH17XHBhcnRpYWwgen0%3D
       由题意,latex.action?latex=XHBhcnRpYWwgdV94L1xwYXJ0aWFsIHQ9MA%3D%3D,由连续方程,latex.action?latex=XHBhcnRpYWwgdV94L1xwYXJ0aWFsIHg9MA%3D%3D,latex.action?latex=XHBhcnRpYWwgXjJ1X3gvXHBhcnRpYWwgeD0w,在x方向,X=0,则
       latex.action?latex=LVxmcmFjezF9e1xyaG8gfVxmcmFje1xwYXJ0aWFsIHB9e1xwYXJ0aWFsIHh9K1xmcmFje1xtdSB9%0D%0Ae1xyaG8gfVxsZWZ0KCBcZnJhY3tccGFydGlhbF4yIHVfeH17XHBhcnRpYWwgeV4yfStcZnJhY3tc%0D%0AcGFydGlhbF4yIHVfeH17XHBhcnRpYWwgel4yfSBccmlnaHQpPTA%3D
       或 latex.action?latex=XHBhcnRpYWwgcC9ccGFydGlhbCB4PVxtdSAoXHBhcnRpYWwgXjJ1X3gvXHBhcnRpYWwgeStccGFy%0D%0AdGlhbCBeMnVfeC9ccGFydGlhbCB6XjIp    (1)
       如前分析,latex.action?latex=XHBhcnRpYWwgcC9ccGFydGlhbCB4PWNvbnN0,运动方程为非齐次的微分方程,边界条件为:在管壁处,y2/a2+z2/b2=1,ux=0。由此设方程有如式(2)形式
       ux=A(1-y2/a2-z2/b2)    (2)
       下面求常数A。对式(2)求导数
       latex.action?latex=XHBhcnRpYWwgdV94L1xwYXJ0aWFsIHk9LTJBeS9hXjI%3D,latex.action?latex=XHBhcnRpYWwgXjJ1X3gvXHBhcnRpYWwgeV4yPS0yQS9hXjI%3D,latex.action?latex=XHBhcnRpYWwgdV94L1xwYXJ0aWFsIHo9LTJBei9iXjI%3D,latex.action?latex=XHBhcnRpYWwgXjJ1X3gvXHBhcnRpYWwgel4yPS0yQS9iXjI%3D,代入式(1)得
       latex.action?latex=XGZyYWN7XHBhcnRpYWwgcH17XHBhcnRpYWwgeH09XG11IFxsZWZ0KCAtXGZyYWN7MkF9e2FeMn0t%0D%0AXGZyYWN7MkF9e2JeMn0gXHJpZ2h0KT0tQVxtdSBcbGVmdCggXGZyYWN7Mn17YV4yfStcZnJhY3sy%0D%0AfXtiXjJ9IFxyaWdodCk%3D  (3)
       由式(3)得
       latex.action?latex=QT0tXGZyYWN7MX17MlxtdSB9XGZyYWN7XHBhcnRpYWwgcH17XHBhcnRpYWwgeH1cZnJhY3thXjJi%0D%0AXjJ9e2FeMitiXjJ9  (4)
       代入式(2)得
       latex.action?latex=dV94PS1cZnJhY3sxfXsyXG11IH1cZnJhY3tccGFydGlhbCBwfXtccGFydGlhbCB4fVxmcmFje2Fe%0D%0AMmJeMn17YV4yK2JeMn1cbGVmdCggMS1cZnJhY3t5XjJ9e2FeMn0tXGZyYWN7el4yfXtiXjJ9IFxy%0D%0AaWdodCk%3D  (5)