Passage TwoThe brain is a seemingly endless library whose shelves house our most precious
Passage Two
The brain is a seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories as well as our lifetime’s knowledge. But is there a point where it reaches capacity？
The answer is no, because brains are more sophisticated than that. Instead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain for new memories to form.
Previous behavioural studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting. But in a new study, researchers demonstrated for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain.
In daily life, forgetting actually has clear advantages. Imagine, for instance, that you lost your bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personal identificatipn number (PIN). Each time you remember the new PIN, you gradually forget the old one. This process improves access to relevant information, without old memories interfering.
And most of us may sometimes feel the frustration of having old memories interfere with new, relevant memories. Consider trying to remember where you parked your car in the same car park you were at a week earlier. This type of memory (where you are trying to remember new, but similar information) is particularly vulnerable to interference.
When we acquire new information, the brain automatically tries to incorporate (合并)it within existing information by forming associations. And when we retrieve (检索) information, both the desired and associated but irrelevant information is recalled.
The majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information. But current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditions under which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.
A very small number of people are able to remember almost every detail of their life. While it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability burdensome.
In a sense, forgetting is our brain’s way of sorting memories, so the most relevant memories are ready for retrieval. Normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn’t become too full.
What have past behavioural studies found about our brain？
A.Its capacity actually knows no limits
B.It grows sophisticated with practice
C.It keeps our most precious memories until life’s end
D.New information learned pushes old information out
What do people find about their rare ability to remember every detail of their life？A.It adds to the burden of their memory
B.It makes their life more complicated
C.It contributes to their success in life
D.It constitutes a rare object of envy
What is the benefit of forgetting？A.It frees us from painful memories
B.It helps slow down our aging process
C.It facilitates our access to relevant information
D.It prevents old information from forming associations
What does the passage say about forgetting？A.It can enlarge our brain capacity
B.It helps get rid of negative memories
C.It is a way of organising our memories
D.It should not cause any alarm in any way
What is the emphasis of current studies of memory？A.When people tend to forget
B.What contributes to forgetting
C.How new technology hinders memory capacity
D.Why learning and forgetting arc complementary
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
-
问题 1 答案解析：D
事实细节题。第二段第句指出，信息并不只是挤进大脑，有时为了形成新的记忆，旧的信息公被挤出大脑。接着第三段第一句指出，先前的行为学研究已经表明，学习新知识可以导致遗忘。简而言之，以前的行为学研究发现学习新信息会导致大脑遗忘旧信息，故答案为D)。
问题 2 答案解析：B
事实细节题。第八段第一句提到，有一小部分人能够记住一生中几乎所有的细节,第二句进一步指出具有这种特殊能力的人认为这是一种负担。由此可见，能够记起生命中每一个细节的人，并不会因此感到高兴，而认为是一种负担，这里指的是生活方面的负担，并非记忆负担，故答案为B)。
问题 3 答案解析：C
推理判断题。文章第四段首先指出，在日常生活中，遗忘实际上有着鲜明的优点。接下来作者通过举例说明,在没有旧记忆的千扰下，这个过程改善了你对相关信息的获取。换句话说，大脑有选择的遗忘是为了更专注地获取一些新信息，故答案为C)。
问题 4 答案解析：C
推理判断题。最后一段第一句提到，从这方面来看，遗忘是我们大脑整理记忆的一种方式,所以我们可以检索到最相关的记忆;第二句进一步指出，正常的遗忘甚至是一种可以确保避免大脑过度饱和的安全机制。由此可见，遗忘是人类大脑整理记忆的种方式,故答案为C)。
问题 5 答案解析：B
事实细节题。第七段第一句提到,以前大多数的研究都聚焦在我们如何学习并记住新的信息。定位句指出,现在的研究开始更多地关注我们在什么情况下会遗忘,因为其重要性开始受到人们越来越多的认可。由此可见，越来越多的新研究更关注什么情况促使大脑选择忘记,故答案为B)。