ordeal是什么意思_ordeal怎么读_中英文释义(含例句用法)

a primitive method of determining a person"s guilt or innocence by subjecting the accused person to dangerous or painful tests believed to be under divine control; escape was usually taken as a sign of innocence

中英词源

ordeal 磨难

来自古英语ordel,裁决，裁定，身体的磨难，来自Proto-Germanic*uz-dailjam,即deal out,神的安排，神的旨意，来自*uz,向外，词源同out,*dailijam,安排，分配，词源同deal.原指古代一种用折磨肉体来裁决对错的极其残忍的迷信审判，如使一个人赤脚走在烧红的铁块或铁板上，如果这个人安然无恙的走过这块铁板，则说明神判断他无罪，如果他倒在铁块上，则死有余辜。后引申词义磨难，折磨。

ordeal: ordeal: [OE] The ‘meting out of judgement’ is the etymological notion immediately underlying ordeal, but at a more primitive level still than that it denotes simply ‘distribution, giving out shares’. It comes ultimately from prehistoric Germanic *uzdailjan ‘share out’, a compound verb formed from *uz- ‘out’ and *dailjan, ancestor of English deal.

The noun derived from this was *uzdailjam, and it came to be used over the centuries for the ‘handing out of judgements’ (modern German urteil, for instance, means among other things ‘judicial verdict or sentence’). Its Old English descendant, ordāl, denoted specifically a ‘trial in which a person’s guilt or innocence were determined by a hazardous physical test, such as holding on to red-hot iron’, but the metaphorical extension to any ‘trying experience’ did not take place until as recently as the mid-17th century.
=> deal
ordeal (n.): Old English ordel, ordal, "trial by physical test," literally "judgment, verdict," from Proto-Germanic noun *uz-dailjam (cognates: Old Saxon urdeli, Old Frisian urdel, Dutch oordeel, German urteil "judgment"), literally "that which is dealt out" (by the gods), from *uzdailijan "share out," related to Old English adælan "to deal out" (see deal (n.1)). Curiously absent in Middle English, and perhaps reborrowed 16c. from Medieval Latin or Middle French, which got it from Germanic.

The notion is of the kind of arduous physical test (such as walking blindfolded and barefoot between red-hot plowshares) that was believed to determine a person"s guilt or innocence by immediate judgment of the deity, an ancient Teutonic mode of trial. English retains a more exact sense of the word; its cognates in German, etc., have been generalized.

Metaphoric extension to "anything which tests character or endurance" is attested from 1650s. The prefix or- survives in English only in this word, but was common in Old English and other Germanic languages (Gothic ur-, Old Norse or-, etc.) and originally was an adverb and preposition meaning "out."

词态变化

复数 ordeals;

权威造句

1. Mona remains unshaken by her ordeal and is matter-of-fact about her courage.: 莫娜不为她经历的这场磨难所动，对自己表现出的勇气也态度淡然。

2. The former hostage is in remarkably good shape considering his ordeal.: 想想人质曾遭受的折磨，获救后其身体状况已经是出奇地好了。

3. Stopping only briefly to regain her composure, she described her agonising ordeal.: 她只停顿了一小会儿让自己恢复平静，然后讲述了她无比痛苦的经历。

4. Last night he relived his terrifying ordeal.: 昨夜他又一次体验了那种可怕的折磨。

5. The ceremony was an ordeal for those who had been recently bereaved.: 这个仪式对于那些新近丧失亲友的人来说是一种折磨。

近反义词

trial 审讯

test 考验

experience 经验

nightmare 恶梦

tribulation 苦难

crucible 柑锅

grief 悲痛

weight 重量

torment 苦痛

suffering 痛苦

trouble 困难

affliction 痛苦

trial by ordeal 神断法

相似短语

ordeal tree phr. （南部非洲的一种有毒的长青灌木）

ordeal by fire 【法】探火神判法

trial by ordeal 神断法(中世纪的一种裁判法)

ordeal bark 毒树皮

ordeal bean 毒豆

ordeal by battle 【法】决斗神判法

单词分析

暂无,等待补充.

记忆方法

1. or- "out" + deal => literally "deal out, share out".
2. literally "that which is dealt out" (by the gods).
3. The prefix or- survives in English only in this word, but was common in Old English and other Germanic languages and originally was an adverb and preposition meaning "out".
4. 谐音“奥迪哦、熬弟哦”——想获得奥迪就要经受严峻的考验
5. deal => dole, ordeal.

ordeal是什么意思，ordeal怎么读

ordeal基本信息

英英释义