down是什么意思_down怎么读_中英文释义(含例句用法)

being or moving lower in position or less in some value;"lay face down"
"the moon is down"
"our team is down by a run"
"down by a pawn"
"the stock market is down today"

extending or moving from a higher to a lower place;"the down staircase"
"the downward course of the stream"

becoming progressively lower;"the down trend in the real estate market"

being put out by a strikeout;"two down in the bottom of the ninth"

understood perfectly;"had his algebra problems down"

lower than previously;"the market is depressed"
"prices are down"

shut;"the shades were down"

not functioning (temporarily or permanently);"we can"t work because the computer is down"

filled with melancholy and despondency ;"gloomy at the thought of what he had to face"
"gloomy predictions"
"a gloomy silence"
"took a grim view of the economy"
"the darkening mood"
"lonely and blue in a strange city"
"depressed by the loss of his job"
"a dispirited and resigned expression on her face"
"downcast after his defeat"
"feeling discouraged and downhearted"

Adverb:

spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position;"don"t fall down"
"rode the lift up and skied down"
"prices plunged downward"

away from a more central or a more northerly place;"was sent down to work at the regional office"
"worked down on the farm"
"came down for the wedding"
"flew down to Florida"

paid in cash at time of purchase;"put ten dollars down on the necklace"

from an earlier time;"the story was passed down from father to son"

to a lower intensity;"he slowly phased down the light until the stage was completely black"

in an inactive or inoperative state;"the factory went down during the strike"
"the computer went down again"

Verb:

drink down entirely;"He downed three martinis before dinner"
"She killed a bottle of brandy that night"
"They popped a few beer after work"

eat immoderately;"Some people can down a pound of meat in the course of one meal"

bring down or defeat (an opponent)

shoot at and force to come down;"the enemy landed several of our aircraft"

cause to come or go down;"The policeman downed the heavily armed suspect"
"The mugger knocked down the old lady after she refused to hand over her wallet"

improve or perfect by pruning or polishing;"refine one"s style of writing"

中英词源

down 向下

来自古英语dun, 山地，山丘，堡垒，词源同downs, town. 进一步来自PIE*dheue, 关闭，围，圈住，居住地，词源同dune, town. 词义由山上过渡到下山，在16世纪开始做为副词使用，这种词义演变在所有日耳曼语系同源词中仅发生在英语。

down 绒羽

来自PIE*dheu, 尘土，漂浮，词源同dust. 用来指绒羽或绒毛。

down: down: Effectively, English now has three distinct words down, but two of them are intimately related: for down ‘to or at a lower place’ [11] originally meant ‘from the hill’ – and the Old English word for hill in this instance was dūn. This may have been borrowed from an unrecorded Celtic word which some have viewed as the ultimate source also of dune [18] (borrowed by English from Middle Dutch dūne) and even of town.

Its usage is now largely restricted to the plural form, used as a geographical term for various ranges of hills (the application to the North and South Downs in southern England dates from at least the 15th century). The Old English phrase of dūne ‘from the hill’ had by the 10th century become merged into a single word, adūne, and broadened out semantically to ‘to a lower place, down’, and in the 11th century it started to lose its first syllable – hence down.

Its use as a preposition dates from the 16th century. (The history of down is closely paralleled in that of French à val, literally ‘to the valley’, which also came to be used for ‘down’; it is the source of French avaler ‘descend, swallow’, which played a part in the development of avalanche.) Down ‘feathers’ [14] was borrowed from Old Norse dúnn.
=> dune
down (adv.): late Old English shortened form of Old English ofdune "downwards," from dune "from the hill," dative of dun "hill" (see down (n.2)). A sense development peculiar to English.

Used as a preposition since c. 1500. Sense of "depressed mentally" is attested from c. 1600. Slang sense of "aware, wide awake" is attested from 1812. Computer crash sense is from 1965. As a preposition from late 14c.; as an adjective from 1560s. Down-and-out is from 1889, American English, from situation of a beaten prizefighter. Down home (adj.) is 1931, American English; down the hatch as a toast is from 1931; down to the wire is 1901, from horse-racing. Down time is from 1952. Down under "Australia and New Zealand" attested from 1886; Down East "Maine" is from 1825; Down South "in the Southern states of the U.S." is attested by 1834.
down (n.1): "soft feathers," late 14c., from Old Norse dunn, perhaps ultimately from PIE root *dheu- (1) "to fly about (like dust), to rise in a cloud."
down (n.2): Old English dun "down, moor; height, hill, mountain," from Proto-Germanic *dunaz- (cognates: Middle Dutch dunen "sandy hill," Dutch duin), "probably a pre-insular loan-word from Celtic" [Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names], in other words, borrowed at a very early period, before the Anglo-Saxon migration, from PIE root *dheue- "to close, finish, come full circle." Meaning "elevated rolling grassland" is from c. 1300.

The non-English Germanic words tend to mean "dune, sand bank" (see dune), while the Celtic cognates tend to mean "hill, citadel" (compare Old Irish dun "hill, hill fort;" Welsh din "fortress, hill fort;" and second element in place names London, Verdun, etc.). German Düne, French dune, Italian, Spanish duna are said to be loan-words from Dutch.
down (v.): 1560s, from down (adv.). Meaning "swallow hastily" is by 1860; football sense of "bring down (an opposing player) by tackling" is attested by 1887. Related: Downed; downing.

词态变化

复数 downs;
第三人称单数 downs;
过去式 downed;
过去分词 downed;
现在分词 downing;

权威造句

1. She dusted herself down and left to build her own career.: 她重振旗鼓去开创自己的事业了。

2. Try to support each other when one of you is feeling down.: 当有人觉得情绪低落时，要努力相互打气。

3. One of the office girls was down with the flu.: 一位女职员得了流感。

4. Rather taken aback by such forwardness, I slammed down the phone.: 如此无礼的言语让我火冒三丈，我砰的一下把电话挂了。

5. These will be very constrained budgets designed to get the deficit down.: 这些预算旨在减少赤字，将会大大受限。

近反义词

fluff 软毛

knock down 击倒

consume 消耗

feathers 羽毛

hair 头发

lint 绷带用麻布

along 沿着

through 通过

downward 向下

depressed 沮丧的

descent 下降

decline 下降

falling 坠落

drop 落下

overthrow 推翻

beat 打

fell 砍伐

floor 地面

Ko 击倒

below par 低于票面价值(不适)...

minimally 最低限度地

dispirited 沮丧的

underground 地下的

underfoot 在脚下面

underneath 在下面

under 低于

beneath 在 ... 之下

below 低于

drink 喝

swallow 燕子

gulp 吞咽

drain 排出

swill 冲洗

downcast 气馁的

downstairs 楼下的

downtown 市中心区

blue 蓝色的

downhearted 消沉的

abed 在床上

in bed 卧床

laid up 拆卸修理

sick 有病的

ailing 生病的

prostrate 卧倒的

in cash 有现款

at once 立刻

without delay 毫不迟延地(立刻)...

now 现在

immediately 立即

from top to bottom 自顶到底

descending 下降的

dropping 点滴

dejected 沮丧的

sad 悲哀的

disconsolate 忧郁的

unhappy 不快乐的

melancholy 忧郁

miserable 痛苦的

fuzz <非正式> 细毛...

grim 严厉的

nap 小睡

shag 粗烟丝

polish 光泽

bolt down 狼吞虎咽

under control 处于控制之下...

downwardly downward的副词形...

kill 杀死

go through 经历

mastered 精通的

pull down 拉下

pile 堆

gloomy 阴暗的

toss off 一饮而尽(轻而易举地完成...

refine 精炼

drink down 喝完(吸收)

down in the mouth 沮丧的

shoot down 驳倒

pour down (雨)倾盆而下...

down feather 绒羽

fine-tune 微调

low-spirited 无精神的

devour 吞食

low 低的

push down 下推

land 陆地

cut down 削减

downwards 向下

pop 发出(砰的响声)...

相似短语

be down for v.被列入名单

be down on v.对...有怨气

down with v.打倒,把...拿下

be down 下楼来, 生病

down for 列入（学校、比赛等的）名单

down to 下至

be down with 患 ...病

down on 瞧不起；歧视；对…有偏见

beat down v.打倒,杀价,镇压,使沮丧

bog down 陷入困境,陷于停顿;放慢速度

单词分析

暂无,等待补充.

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