spoil基本信息
读法：英 [spɒɪl] 美 [spɔɪl]
释义：
使用频率：★★
星级词汇：★★★
英英释义
Noun:
"the pianist screwed up the difficult passage in the second movement"
"Let"s not mollycoddle our students!"
"foil your opponent"
"He is spoiling for a fight"
中英词源
spoil 脏物，战利品，破坏，糟蹋，变质，腐败，溺爱，娇惯
来自拉丁语 spoliare,抢劫，打劫，剥落，剥除衣服，来自 spolium,战利品，原义为剥皮，来 自 PIE*spel,分开，劈开，词源同 spill,split.引申词义破坏，糟蹋等，后用于指家长对小孩的 溺爱，娇惯，纵容，即糟蹋小孩。
- spoil
- spoil: [13] Latin spolium originally denoted ‘skin stripped from a killed animal’ (it went back ultimately to the Indo-European base *spel- ‘split, burst’, which also produced German spalten ‘split’, and probably English spill and split). It broadened out metaphorically via ‘weapons stripped from a fallen enemy’ to ‘booty’ in general, which lies behind English spoils.
The word itself was borrowed from Old French espoille, a derivative of the verb espoillier, which in turn went back to Latin spoliāre ‘despoil’ (source of English spoliation [14]), a derivative of spolium. The verb spoil came either from Old French espoillier, or is short for despoil [13], which went back via Old French despoillier to Latin dēspoliāre.
It used to mean ‘strip of possessions’, as despoil still does, but in the 16th century it moved across to take over the semantic territory of the similarsounding spill (which once meant ‘destroy, ruin’).
=> despoil, spoliation - spoil (v.)
- c. 1300, "to strip (someone) of clothes, strip a slain enemy," from Old French espillier "to strip, plunder, pillage," from Latin spoliare "to strip, uncover, lay bare; strip of clothing, rob, plunder, pillage," from spolia, plural of spolium "arms taken from an enemy, booty;" originally "skin stripped from a killed animal," from PIE *spol-yo-, perhaps from root *spel- "to split, to break off" (see spill (v.)).
From late 14c. in English as "strip with violence, rob, pillage, plunder, dispossess; impoverish with excessive taxation." Used c. 1400 as the verb to describe Christ"s harrowing of Hell. Sense of "destroy, ruin, damage so as to render useless" is from 1560s; that of "to over-indulge" (a child, etc.) is from 1640s (implied in spoiled). Intransitive sense of "become tainted, go bad, lose freshness" is from 1690s. To be spoiling for (a fight, etc.) is from 1865, from notion that one will "spoil" if he doesn"t get it. - spoil (n.)
- "booty, goods captured in time of war," mid-14c., spoils (collective singular), from spoil (v.) or else from Old French espoille "booty, spoil," from the verb in French, and in part from Latin spolium. Also from the Latin noun are Spanish espolio, Italian spoglio.
Transferred sense of "that which has been acquired by special effort" is from 1750. Spoils has stood cynically for "public offices, etc." aince at least 1770. Spoils system in U.S. politics attested by 1839, commonly associated with the administration of President Andrew Jackson, on the notion of "to the victor belongs the spoils."
词态变化
第三人称单数 spoils;
过去式 spoilt; spoiled;
过去分词 spoilt; spoiled;
现在分词 spoiling;
权威造句
- 1. We all know that fats spoil by becoming rancid.
- 我们都知道油脂变质后会发臭。
来自柯林斯例句
- 2. They could not afford to spoil those maps by careless colouring.
- 若是上色的时候不小心弄坏了那些地图，他们可承担不起。
来自柯林斯例句
- 3. Her untimely return could spoil Miss Melville"s entire programme for the evening.
- 她提前回来可能会破坏掉梅尔维尔小姐今晚的整个计划。
来自柯林斯例句
- 4. It"s important not to let mistakes spoil your life.
- 重要的是不要让错误毁了你的生活。
来自柯林斯例句
- 5. I had an uneasy feeling that he was going to spoil it.
- 我有种不安的感觉，觉得他会把事情搞糟。
来自柯林斯例句
近反义词
相似短语
单词分析
这些动词均有“破坏，损坏”之意。break普通用词，指某物因被打破或撕破而受到破坏，可指有形或无形的破坏。
destroy多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，含导致无用，不能或很难再修复的意味。
ruin多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性，也可用于引申意义。
wreck侧重指船只、车辆、房屋等受到严重破坏或完全毁坏，也可指计划、健康受到损害。
damage多指对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。
spoil强调不仅会削弱力量、精力或价值，而且会导致不可避免的毁灭。
记忆方法
1. 专家开采出来的石油被你给糟蹋了。
2. spoil............撕破呦（撕破了）.............损害；破坏
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